الـ Modules والـ Packages

# pricing.py -> a module with helper functions
VAT = 0.14

def add_vat(price):
    return round(price * (1 + VAT), 2)

def apply_discount(price, percent):
    return round(price * (1 - percent / 100), 2)

# main.py -> uses the pricing module
import pricing                       # import the whole module
from pricing import apply_discount   # import one function directly

price = 1000
print(pricing.add_vat(price))
print(apply_discount(price, 20))
print(pricing.VAT)

import random
from datetime import date, timedelta
import math

# Pick a random winner for a giveaway
winners = ["Ali", "Sara", "Omar", "Laila"]
print("Winner:", random.choice(winners))

# Delivery date = today + 3 days
delivery = date(2026, 9, 22) + timedelta(days=3)
print("Delivery on:", delivery)

print(math.sqrt(144))

def add_vat(price):
    return round(price * 1.14, 2)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Runs only with: python pricing.py
    # Does NOT run when another file does: import pricing
    print("Testing:", add_vat(100))

shop/
    main.py
    store/                 # this folder is a package
        __init__.py        # marks the folder as a package (can be empty)
        products.py
        orders.py

# inside main.py:
from store.products import Product
from store.orders import create_order